Posted on: November 16, 2008 - 6:32 pm


On location for Teen Patti, Capitol Cinema, Mumbai

November 16, 2008              6:06 pm

 

In days of hatred and violence. In times of alienation. In times of parochial division among communities. I find two articles that interest me. They teach me tolerance and respect for the other. They convey an attitude of togetherness and resolve. Of compassion and understanding. I read an interesting story today. I forget where. But so vital for todays times.

During the time of the invasions on India from the North and being confronted with one such, a King in Gujarat, symbolically placed a glass of milk full to the brim in front of the usurper and said -

“Where is there space for more in this glass ?”

The invader, smiled and said - ” There is. I shall show you how.”

And lifted a spoonful of sugar and added it to the glass !!

In this brimming glass of milk of one, we need the other to be the sweetened sugar that dissolves in the glass, adds the flavor and never allows the milk to spill over.

 

Choose what you may, the glass full of milk or the sugar, but can we not prevent the milk from flowing over ??

 

Ponder…

Just a while..

And convey.. or practice..

 

Amitabh Bachchan

77 Responses to “DAY 207(i)”

  1. Rajesh Kejriwal says:

    ~
    ~~
    ~~~

    Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    Just returned after watching DOSTANA!!!!!!!!

    And Sir, believe me you, the movie ROCKS!!!!!
    And it rocks BIG TIME!!!!!

    Abhi’s comic timing is grrrrrrrrreat!!!!!!!
    And John & Priyanka’s BODIES!!!

    ;-)

    regards,
    Rajesh Kejriwal
    BigB Yahoo Groups

    ~~~
    ~~
    ~

    (Report abuse)

  2. Abhishek says:

    Thanks for sharing such nice thoughts. We really need this in today’s situation. More tolerance, more love.

    (Report abuse)

  3. amit chauhan says:

    hey AB..! i hope u r doin fine.. get well as bfor soon.. c ya.! amit here.

    (Report abuse)

  4. mamta barfa says:

    good evening sir…how r u?????

    (Report abuse)

  5. mamta barfa says:

    sir..dostana rocksssssss

    congratulation to Abhi….

    (Report abuse)

  6. DR.C.RAJANNA ,RIYADH says:

    Wonderful comments sir,
    If I am right, One of the Sikh Gurus had made such offer to some king.
    Hope you have recovered completely.
    We keep looking for such gems from you.
    Regards to Jayaji, Best of luck to Abhishekh for Dostana and hello to Aishwarya.

    (Report abuse)

  7. Mamta barfa says:

    I like ur Silsila most..

    (Report abuse)

  8. priya says:

    please agar time ho to bless me.

    (Report abuse)

  9. Mamta barfa says:

    Sir please reply me…..pleaseeeeeeeeeeeeeee

    (Report abuse)

  10. ibrar hussain says:

    AmitJi….
    What a beautiful article…the one about Lal Shabaz Qalander and Jhuleylal…..we grew up with listening to the tunes of these great Sufis….didnt know they were also revered by the Hindu people.

    I have been to the Shakarganj Mazaar in Pakistan…..Amitji…you should take some time out and see the vast mazaars in pakistan….especially Daata Sahib in Lahore…..you will love them…you will be welcomed with open arms….and you know that.

    Lots of love

    Ibrar Hussain uk

    (Report abuse)

  11. sarika says:

    Dear Big B,
    I like whatever you write.
    I am happy to know that youare recovering well..
    Iwanted to share this wiht you. My son YASHVARDHAN BHARGAVA just turned two on 31st october. I could not believe the other day we were playing one of your movie song” MERE aangane mein Tumhara kya kaam hain” and he started clapping on the beats of your song. when the song was over he started his pranks which I could not understand first, was all about to the listen the same song” MERE aangane mein Tumhara kya kaam hain” again.
    I am very glad, even though he does not understand the song, but he likes it and takes pleasure in listening and dancing on it.
    I shared this with my husband and he was stunned.
    You are really a great actor that you have such a postive impact on the much younger generation too.
    May God keep you and family in all the best of health and also all the world.

    Respect you, adore you and love you,
    Sarika
    USA,FL

    (Report abuse)

  12. ibrar hussain says:

    By the way i saw a clip of Dostana…..the bit where Abhi gives john a flower……we were on the floor cracking….

    (Report abuse)

  13. ibrar hussain says:

    One mistake with the ‘Aaj ke Aurangzeb’ article….the Surah’s of the Quraan, when taken literally, DO NOT compliment the actions of Aurangzeb….so miss Writer please get your facts right…..

    (Report abuse)

  14. Deepak Murthy says:

    I’ve requested Aamir Khan to get in touch with you for his next movie for Aamir Khan Productions. Teen Patti’s heroine doesn’t have the appeal. Dasharatha made just one mistake, he shot a deer using a sound based arrow and they cursed him to die pining for Rama. But he did get some potion from Agni I think which gave him 4 sons, Rama the strongest through Kasturba but Lakshmana was always by his side except when he got killed by Ravana’s son Indrajit who used the Brahmastra. Hanuman’s Sanjeevani herb brought her back to life.

    About Kaykeyi, I’m not so sure because Rama loved her the most, but evil Manthare convinced her to banish Rama for the sake of Bharata who became the king although all the people wanted Prince Ram.

    Regards,
    Deepak

    (Report abuse)

  15. Priyanka Mukhopadhyay says:

    Priyanka Mukhopadhyay
    Pune.
    Pranam,
    Apko aur Jaya aunty ko hamara pranam, Aiswaryaji aur Abhishekji ko hamari subh kamnaye!

    Yesterday nightshow I saw with my hubby-Dostana.It is a different role played by Abhishek-we laughed at his role-there is the success of an actor which he got which I felt sitting at adlabs all of us layghed at the role!

    Yes we can play a positive role, we all feel to be sugar which can be added,but some times the situation keeps all the positivism aside, I feel people should be united all the time in every odd situation then only honesty can play its place & victory can be achived.

    I surprise what we learn while from childhood till educational life -THE W ORDS OF-HONESTY,FRIENDSHIP,POSITIVITY-VANISHES AFTER WE ENTER THE REAL LIFE……DUE TO SITUATIONAL EFFECT…..WE MUST BE WHAT WE LEARN IN CHILDHOOD ,ALL THE POSITIVISM THAT OUR PARENTS ,TEACHERS & LIFE TEACHES US………

    Respect & love,
    Priyanka
    PUNE.

    (Report abuse)

  16. Jankar says:

    Hello Amit uncle,

    I read this story in grade 3 if I remember correctly. It was in our Gujarati text book. The name of the lesson was “Doodh ma sankar” meaning Sugar in the milk. I will get the exact story. I will be in India in December. I will ask me nephew if the story is still in their syllabus or not.
    I watched Dostana yesterday. Honestly, I didnt like the movie. It is just a personal opinion though. It was funny and storyline was sensitive, but I don’t know somehow I felt something was missing. All the actors were great though.
    Anyways, there are many who are liking the movie, so that is good.
    I am going to watch Dasvidaniya now.
    I look forward to Teen Patti.
    Take care.
    Regards.

    (Report abuse)

  17. rochelle says:

    Once again thank you for those articles which I have read while I should be working, but no supervisors to be found. As long as we are all on this one planet Earth, life would be so much better if we all could get along. The least we could due is live with tolerance and respect toward others.
    Now onto the next post.

    Love,
    Rochelle

    (Report abuse)

  18. Priyanka Mukhopadhyay says:

    Subhash Nandi,
    Tollygunj,
    Kolkata

    Namaste,
    Phone mein hum jo bolrahe hai ,hamari bhanji -Priyanka,Pune se use type kar rahi hai….

    Ham Priyanka ke mamaji likh rahe hai,hame computer nehi ati hai, is liye ham phone me jo bol rahe hain, woh hamari pyari bhanji apne computer pe likh rahi hai……hamari dil ki awaz aap tak pohochane ke liye ……………….

    Apka har film mein ap ka nam ‘Vijay’ rakha gaya is liye ap filmy duniya mein vijay prapt kar chuke hain.Mera nivedan hain ki aap desh ke pradhan mantri ban kar, desh ko vijay dila sakte hain aur shanti kayem kar sakte hain ,yeh pura hindustan ko biswas hain.

    Agar aap soch rahe hain ke aisa nehi ho sakta toh pehla ek kadam barhake dekhiye pura Hindusthan aapke piche hain yah nehi???

    Thankyou,
    Suhash Nandi
    7, Bowali Mondal Road,
    3rd floor,
    Kolkata-700026

    (Report abuse)

  19. Rose C says:

    Love Conquers All. Tolerance is the fruit of love…

    I am pondering whether to be the milk or the sugar?? I would prefer to be the honey since it is a natural sweetener but sinse this is not a choice I will have to choose to be the sugar… ;-)
    Love in abundance and in tolerance…
    Rose Cx

    (Report abuse)

  20. AJIT KUMAR SINHA says:

    DEAR SRI BACHCHAN JI,
    “TOLERANCE AND RESPECT FOR OTHERS” IS THE NEED OF THE HOUR.
    LOTS OF THANKS,
    AJIT KR. SINHA,PATNA.

    (Report abuse)

  21. Satyam says:

    I think it’s important to recognize that much as religion seems to poison everything (I don’t think as one of the authors believes that ‘political’ religion can be separated from purely ’spiritual’ aspects.. every religion to be minimally successful needs to have that ‘political’ dimension.. and it is precisely this that various orthodoxies use in different contexts to serve all kinds of ends) there is also “nothing new under the sun.” There is much that makes one pessimistic about our current ‘theocratic’ age and yet many other periods had commentators who felt the same. This is not to say that one shouldn’t strive for that better world often glimpsed and never quite achieved. But that one shouldn’t imagine there was ever an Eden somewhere. Or to put it in the words of an author ‘the only paradise is the one we have lost’..

    (Report abuse)

  22. pretee says:

    hello Uncle,
    thot i must tell u this
    evry one is smsin me and sayin Abhi was gr888…and it has all cum frm non-Abhi fanz…i’m delightd… :))))))))

    hope u r smiling tooo!!

    feels lik i stood first in ma xamsss…. :))))))))))))

    am Abhified!!

    (Report abuse)

  23. Reeham says:

    Hello again my love…

    Another break and another beautiful, meaningful post..

    ” In this brimming glass of milk of one, we need the other to be the sweetened sugar that dissolves in the glass, adds the flavor and never allows the milk to spill over.

    My life was that brimming glass of milk.. and you are the sweetened sugar.. you had added the flavor.. and you prevented the milk to spill over.. thank you so much ..

    Thank you for being the sweet flavor in my life… for being more wonderful than i’ve ever thought you are… you wonderous reveals itself whenever i read one of your dear post and precious words..

    Thank you for being the one who deserves all the pure love i loaded for you in my poor heart..

    LOVE.. FOREVER

    (Report abuse)

  24. MJP says:

    Amitji,

    Some problem in opening the second article.

    Love and regards,

    MJP - Seychelles

    (Report abuse)

  25. Preeti K. says:

    Dear Amitabh Uncle Ji,

    I hope you are doing well. WOW…as usual what great thoughts you have given us on your entries. I skimmed and glanced through them as I get ready to take my family to the gurudawara. I luved the story you put up on Arthur Ashe and the others you put up. I will read those after I get home from the gurudawara. I hope that you have a great day. Take Care.

    Luv,

    Preeti (MD, USA)

    (Report abuse)

  26. YASH says:

    hello…….hope u r well
    - yash(ranchi)

    (Report abuse)

  27. Rasha Zayed says:

    Dear Mr.Bachchan,

    thanks for sending these articles.
    i live with the belief that religion has nothing to do with violence, or division of nations, or propagation of hatred.
    any religion always calls for ‘togetherness’, tolerance, and love. it teaches us how to live with each other and respect the other’s differences, and how to maintain a dignified and harmonious life.
    but when politics interfers, it spoils the essence of religion. because sometimes politicians use it to justify certain actions.
    it is sad that, some people, use religion in a certain way to serve a certain interest.
    it is always said that there is not a bad religion…but there are bad followers.

    i liked reading the story of the milk and the sugar, and the message it conveys.

    with love,
    Rasha Zayed,
    BigB yahoo group,

    Cairo, Egypt.

    (Report abuse)

  28. Pankaj Mohan says:

    Amitji, I think it were the displaced Parsis who came up with this brilliant answer of stirring milk and sugar. And they have indeed been among the sweetest things to occur to India since their arrival.

    (Report abuse)

  29. Pankaj Mohan says:

    Don’t have any good link to show about that. The following must help though.

    http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=333394

    (Report abuse)

  30. Amit Gadhavi says:

    Dear Amitji,
    I would like to share this with you…. the first movie I watched as a kid at the age of 3 in 1984 was “Muquaddar ka Sikandar, since that I have been impressed with the voice, the persona and the aura called “Amitabh Bachchan”. When I grew older, my admiration for you grew along with……more than a movie star, as a son, as a father, as a citizen.
    Today I am writting this to you and feeling as if I am talking to you in person. Missing my beats…..like never before.
    Responding to your todays blog, I would like to add up some more details.
    Parsi, resident of Persia (Iran) had migrated to India as refugees and they first landed on the coast of Sanjan Bandar (Southern Gujarat). Respoding to their request to settle in Sanjan, the then king Sanjan sent a galss full of milk, symbolizing their inability to allow them citizenship of Sanjan. The Parsi leader in turn added some sugar to the glass of milk and communicated their ability to merge. Since than Parsis are growing India. Families like Tatas, Wadias and many more have their roots in Southern Gujarat.
    Hope I have not bored you.
    Will keep writting you.
    Wish you a healthy days, months, years and decades ahead.

    Love and luck
    Amit

    (Report abuse)

  31. Akhilesh Kumar Misra says:

    IBN-7 is reserching on your earlier births , they say you learnt acting in USA & kept it reserve for BLACK , What do you think .

    (Report abuse)

  32. zazee says:

    as usual the blog is superbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb
    but too bad i cannot read the articlesssssssssssss
    anyway hope you had a good day at wrok today
    glad to get blog from you
    love you loads
    zazee

    (Report abuse)

  33. mini says:

    really inspirational notes…it made me think in this mad rat race of life:)

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  34. HIMMAT SINGH GREWAL says:

    DEAR SIR,
    HELLO SIR HOW ARE YOU?

    BEST WISHES AND WARM REGARDS
    HIMMAT SINGH GREWAL

    (Report abuse)

  35. Contemporary says:

    hmm..thoughtful story, and also intresting articles, thanks for sharing, wish you happy working with a good health.

    (Report abuse)

  36. Dr. Reena Riyaz says:

    Dear Amitji,

    Thank you for the articles.

    One important fact I would like to point out is that it shall be erroneous to judge Islam by the conduct of many muslims. Sad as it is, but Muslims ko dekh kar Islam ko samjha nahi ja saketa, and it is a pity I am saying this and I am sure many would agree that conduct of man is not in accordance with the true religion. So to assume what certain muslims do is as per Islam shall be erroneous.

    According to the Quran, there is no compulsion in religion. There is no coersion in religion. Injustice of any kind towards fellow humans is disliked by the Almighty and a punishment awaits the opressor.

    It is indeed shameful how certain muslims conduct themselves and the propaganda they indulge in may find no sanctity in Islam. In a broad sense, according to Islam he/she who believes in One God and worships none else but that One God, who is neither begotten nor begets, is a muslim… a person who believes thus always be a muslim,however it is not so that if a person is a muslim he is above error, he cannot do wrong, he cant be a criminal and that he can not be misguiding people, that he cannot be guided by greed and evil. The Almighty gave man ‘Free Will’ and the excercise of this Will shall dictate the course of his destiny and his just rewards, whether a muslim or non-muslim.

    Islam is a WAY OF LIFE and if a muslim indulges in wrong practices he/she is WRONG. Many and several muslims are leading misguided lives, several leaders of Islam do not understand their own religion, they are prey to prejudices and are short sighted owing to personal greed, uneducation or incorrect interpretation of Islam…and yes tradition!!

    Yes, sadly though,wrong interpretation of islam, (mind you not the QURAN) and the behaviour of many self claimed maulanas has led to deterioration in the community, uneducation, lack of social and economic progress and many social ills.
    Just by praying five times, or by wearing the traditional salwar kameez and growing beards one doesnt attain doctorate in Islam. The wrath of Allah shall be upon those who have misguided people in the name of Quran and Islam and also upon those who have oppressed mankind in any way.
    Many a wrong indulgances and actions of certain muslims have led to worldwide bitterness towards Islam and the muslim community, but sir its human error, not error in Islam that these ignorant fools propogate the untruth.

    It is here I point again, and humbly address Sunil Kapoor reference his comment on criticism on visiting mazzars, those sitting around mazzaars day and night singing, lighting chirags, taking chaadars, encouraging donations in cash and kind…what is this practice just business and sheer lethargy towards proper work. Singing and music are denounced in Islam, poets and poetry are denounced in Islam…(why? one has to study the relevance behind it and its justification shall be convincing) then whats sacred in this tradition of asking at mazzaars? The reality of the created lying in his grave, his defeat evident as a mortal in front of Allah’s ever existing greatness, what to ask of one who was dependant on God for his needs and existence. Why not approach the Giver, the Healer, the Creator and the Merciful. The very Allah one goes out to appease, the actions of man defy His command. A pity.

    I have done before and I beseech again and appeal to everyone, whether it is Islam, Christianity, do not point towards the religion but towards those who practice unethically, whose lives are seeped in ignorance…make them your target of criticism not the community at large or the religion in particular.

    If the son has commited a crime, why would you hang the whole family including the infant and the yet to be born?

    humbly
    Reena

    (Report abuse)

  37. Anika says:

    “During the time of the invasions on India from the North…”
    “Invasions” ?
    The Parsis were refugees.
    At least know what you write.
    Half-baked knowledge is a dangerous thing.

    (Report abuse)

  38. Smita** says:

    Dear friend,
    HI, how are you?
    Both artical are very good.. I’m totally agree with YOU..I myself don’t like
    the dispute between hindu- muslim, or between any cast , or religion But I read in newspaper that Babri Masjid is originaly a hindu mandir..
    by the way DAMADUM MAST QALANDAR is my favourite song..

    with pure love….with pure heart……

    LO I’m VE…..with….U
    smita_nine@yahoo.co.in

    (Report abuse)

  39. ~JSR shashank sharma says:

    RAMRAM sirji,

    It seems you are putting lot of effort in scanning the news articles from
    the Hindustan times. Rather, you can use the e-paper website for the same. Please find the link in website section.all articles of daily news paper are available there.

    Thought this might help and save some scanning time.

    WarmRegards
    Shashank

    (Report abuse)

  40. Ashesh Dave says:

    Dear Amitji,

    nice articles. Truly, one has to respect others, and their religion. we all need patience. political parties should also not favor one religious group over other in order to gain their votes!!! love
    ashesh

    (Report abuse)

  41. Rahesh from Los Angles says:

    Hi Amitji:

    Gald to know you are back at work.
    Great articles. So much to learn from you. Now I’am really keen to read the book ‘Discovery of India’ by Nehruji.
    Thanks again for sharing your thougths. This blogs is turning point in my life.
    Thanks much !
    Rajesh

    (Report abuse)

  42. Indian Spartacus says:

    Dear Boss, I am great fan of your expressions, either it is acting, writing or speech. I would like to correct the story, it sounds to me as a politically correct story. The person who added sugar (honey) was the chieftain of the modern day parsis (ancestors of Ratan Tata etc.), The Rajput king of Gujrat, was reacting to an issue of refugees, not the invaders because invaders don’t ask or request, they simply take over. Those parsis were persecuted by the Islamist of then Persia/modern Iran, hence to they fled to India/Gujrat for asylum. It is the great tolerant story of Hindu Culture

    (Report abuse)

  43. Carla Germany says:

    Hello Mr. Bachchan,
    I found this poem, and I thought it fits quite well

    Around the World

    There are girls and boys
    Around the world
    In countries near and far
    And though they’re different in many ways
    They’re much the way we are.

    They eat and laugh
    And run and play
    And sleep when daytime ends
    And so wherever they may be
    I like to feel we’re friends.
    - Vivian Gouled

    regards
    Carla

    (Report abuse)

  44. Subhash Kaura says:

    Mr. Bachchan

    Regarding the newspaper clippings that you post after scanning:
    There must be a way to reduce the size of these clippings after you scan them so as to fit within the Blog page size. Presently their huge file size makes them difficult to read as these spread out far beyond the blog page size.

    You can use Photoshop to reduce the size of these files suitably so that when opened these fit in within the page. It is very easy to do that using Photoshop. You may like to try.

    Subhash Kaura

    (Report abuse)

  45. RAVI P MALHOTRA says:

    Dear Amitji, After the sermon… becomes valid interpretation. Seeing through a windscreen the road ahead one travels very fast and safe. One pebble at speed distorts the vision. Now if the same windscreen is shattered there is no vision and if it is removed no protection from the wind but clear vision and speeding difficult. A set of conditions make everything possible.
    Religion needs to be understood within the framework of religious beliefs. If one understands the basic tenets of own religion the understanding of other’s faith becomes easy. More than being protectors of our own faith we are also the protectors of other’s faith.
    Mandir,Masjid,Gurudwars and Church should be an Oasis in the deserts of Life. The traveller should satiate his thirst and proceed from whichever on his way thinking each is for me may not be mine. A philosophy of tolerance existed for ages is shown not that it is now the need. It always was there. Hindu Muslim or for that matter Indian and Pakistani become one in UK and USA because of the uniting roots. The same is needed to be practiced back home but how?
    There has to be a learning of practices and schools of thoughts to appreciate harmony. Harmony teaches parallel movement of differing views and alignments which move forward but yet don’t confront. This is a higher discipline and comes from progressive thinking learnt from birds flying in formations to cut resistance and attain speeds. We need to decide what is better for us a temporary stoppage or flights that can take us to places.
    History will give us many examples to emulate Aurangzeb or Akbar both are within our reach. It is how we practice what we learn.
    Regards
    Ravi P Malhotra

    (Report abuse)

  46. Deepak Murthy says:

    Ghajini may turn out to be a good movie. Southern actress “Asin” looks cute and sexy. Is she a muslim? She’s just 23, lots of potential there..

    Next movie I’m watching is “Game of Death” by Bruce Lee. Jackie Chan’s ‘Spartans’ was my first introduction to comedy in martial arts..

    Thanks,
    Deepak

    (Report abuse)

  47. VINOD says:

    hallo sir,
    nice to see you in good health , your being hospitalised really scared all of us.
    may god bless you with great health.
    best regards
    vinod

    (Report abuse)

  48. Shailesh Mehta says:

    Dear Amitji,
    That brimming glass and sugar you have mentioned this is what I had been told. Some Persians fled their country and drifted towards India and landed in Gujrat. They did not know the language and hence they were not permitted. But they conveyed to the then rulers that they are here to mingle with people here and stay like them. They then put sugar in the milk to show how they assure to become one with the people.They were then permitted to stay over.
    And who they are? Well, well they are our PARSI brothers who first came to India from Persia.
    S.Mehta

    (Report abuse)

  49. Deepak Murthy says:

    Although you made it up to Shashi Kumar in “Do Aur Do Paanch”, getting rid of Kishore Kumar was a sin. “Hum aag laga denge paani mein” was my song too in 2005. You must have seen his comic personality in “Padoson” with Mehmood & Sunil Dutt, especially the “Pyari Bindu” & the “Kehna Hai” songs. But the kid that You & Shashi were chasing & protecting at the same time was really “me”. Big revelation huh? But what is Sriram Lagoo doing these days other than Chyanprash ads? Didn’t his wife Reema Lagoo act as Salman Khan’s mom in Kuch Kuch Hota Hai & convinced Salman Khan to give up Kajol to Shah Rukh..

    Regards,
    Deepak

    (Report abuse)

  50. gilga says:

    Hi,

    :) :)

    Yesterday was quite a nice holiday (Sunday) for me spent with the Bachchan family! First your blog, then the movie Dostana, then your blog then your blog and then your blog again! I thoroughly enjoyed every moment! But couldn’t get time to write back.

    Both the above articles made for a touching read. Both dealt with religion and how the concept was one of unification. But instead it’s been used to create segregation.

    We use religion to blackmail and browbeat in trying to get our way.

    If not for Aurangzeb, the Sikh religion would never have been formed to save the Hindus from his atrocities! A relatively new religion in which the Shri Guru Granth Sahib has the collected works from Hindu saints, Muslim saints/sufis, and the Sikh Gurus themselves. Such a religion could have only meant to unify.

    And Aurangzeb was considered a most devout and learned man! So much for his devoutness and learnedness… maybe there is a lesson here… perhaps Kabir’s pankti’s…? (Dhai akshar prem ke…?)

    Why do a ‘few’ Muslims apply the teachings of Islam for a selfish motive? We know that the majority have a capacity for tolerance.

    But then, why do we allow the jathedaars, maulanas, pandits, priests to preach unethical harsh laws to us (fatwa type/excommunication)?

    If God doesn’t excommunicate us, who are they?

    If they can’t unite then they have no right to divide!

    And SHAME on us for allowing a fraction of people to do this to us.

    In all this I mustn’t forget regional/race bias. We will always find something to hate. Sad, isn’t it?

    much love

    CHEER FOR HEALTH AND HAPPINESS

    :)

    gilga

    (Report abuse)

  51. Tatiana says:

    Dear Amitabh Bachchan,
    I had a good day today. Service at Church, meeting people I know and love there - of many different countries of origin & race…
    Then a couple of hours in solitude spent on top of the hill overlooking the Lake. Silence and stillness in the cool fresh air…
    Then cooking at home & having dinner with the family.
    Simple & peaceful way of life…with simple joys of shared friendship & nature beauty.
    Isn’t it rather natural & fulfiling for us to love & live peacefuly than hate & be hostile ?

    My heart rejoices to read your voice speaking for peace & togetherness.
    I liked the metaphor about full glass of milk and sugar.
    Actually that is how I think of love. Being dissolved & absorbed without losing the individual qualities of substance.
    Similarly people of different faiths could have the union of understanding & peaceful coexistence without trampling on each others beliefs and weakening ones own.
    It was very interesting to read both articles about some history & religion of India. And the meaning they convey is great.

    Thank you for giving us all this food for the soul.
    May God be with you & all.

    With love.
    Tatiana S. USA

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  52. Naishadh Vyas says:

    Dear Mr. Bachchan,

    Thanks for posting two articles along with your comments.

    Your blog is good reading for people like us.

    Regards,

    Naishadh Vyas

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  53. dinesh prasad mishra says:

    Dear sir,
    Nice story ..

    Mithash KE liye jagah TO Hai,
    Kaash ye Bhari Glass
    aaj ke Aurangzeb ke Paas naa Ho ..

    Kaat LETE JO
    Auro ka Pet
    Auro kaa ZEB
    WAHI to Hai
    AAj kaa AURANGZEB..

    with regards as always
    dinesh

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  54. Vikas Murarka says:

    Dear Mr B,

    Great articles. But I dislike the comment by Narayan that Hindus shot an unarmed old man. Why did she not mention an unarmed old Hindu man. If it was to stress on the point about Aurangzeb, I still detest it. Aurangzeb killed thousands of Hindus not because they had political differences but because of their religion.
    I wish writers like her would use better judgement.

    -Vikas.
    Big B Yahoo Group.
    Kolkata.

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  55. Rajeshwari says:

    Hi Amitaaaaaaabh,

    Well,

    Lovely “ONE PARAGRAPH THAT EXPLAINS LIFE!”.

    ONE CORRECTION. In your sugar-milk story, They weren’t invaders. This story is about Parasi community when they wanted to take asylum in India. when they landed here, the ruler & the head of Parasi community had this conversation…Pleased king gave them the permission & told to adopt Gujarati laungauge as well as dress. & see how well they have jelled in us.

    You are right , religion now-a-days is projected as scary,mis understood… well, if we really want to know what’s real religion, we should read about the saints born in that religion..

    Now-a-days, all those who publicize “our religion in danger. let’s take revenge of the insult to our religion”, actually they are the ones who insult & defame their religion. Now it has become a way to outburst their own life’s desperations,negativities as “For religion”.

    All these “for religion” are also terrorists, real shames for all whom they are associated. Killing innocents, working against their own country to the delight of enemies…

    Even Today, we burn effigy of Ravana, but we only are actually worst than him….as we insult women & justify it too as “for religion”. ladies of their houses too accept them. innocents are killed & killers are welcomed as heroes…too.

    In Ramayan, Ravan came as Sadhu. Today, there exist some self-glorifying orch-rob-cladded who are surpassing him in their act. They who have “renunciated”, are worst than we worldly…may it be any religion.

    well, I have written something (from my heart)after GODHRA riots as “VAAPASI” (in 2 parts) at links http://www.hindinest.com/kshala/012/07ks12.htm, http://www.hindinest.com/kshala/012/07aks12.htm

    But By God’s grace,even today, we even come across many common people, spiritual heads who in this violent, biased world, are real flag bearers of “real religion”.

    with regards,

    (Report abuse)

  56. sandeep says:

    MERI SAACHI KAHANI PADHIYE SIR KITNA BAAR APKO REPLY KIYE LEKIN AAP KOI JAWAB NAAHI DETE HUM ENGLISH JAANTE HAIN PHIR BHI HINDI MEIN LIKH RAHE HAIN .HUM APNE MAA BAABU KE EK HI LADKE HAIN TEEN DIDI HAI JAB PAIDA HUE TO THEEK THE AATHVI MEIN PADHTE SAMAY HUMKO LAKWA MAAR GAYA SPINAL CHORD MEIN VIRUL INFECTION HO GAYA KAMAR KE NEECHE SAB SUN HO GAYA ISILIYE APSE AUR SACHIN SE MILNE KA SAPNA AB SAPNA HI REH GAYA HUM SUNE HAIN KI AAP BAHUT ACHE HAIN TO MERA JAWAB KYUN NAHI DETE ABHI HUM 22 SAAL KE HAIN BED PAR PADE REHTE HAIN APKA SAB FILM HUMKO ACHA LAGTA HAI HUM BANGALORE MEIN HI REHTE HAIN YAHEEN CHINMAYA MISSION HOSPITAL MEIN PAIDA HUE KABHI SONCHA NAHI THA KI AISA HOGA MAR BHI NAHI SAKTE NAHI TO MAA PAPA AKELE HO JAYENGE 22 SAAL KA HOON LEKIN LAGTA HAI BOODHA HO GAYA HOON MUJHE REPLY NAHI KAR SAKTE TO KUM SE KUM EK BAAR SIRFVEK BAAR MERA NAAM HI LE LIJIYE MERA NAAM HAI SANDEEP SHARMA [PINTU IS MY NICK NAME] .I KNOW THAT MANY PEOPLES WILL READ THIS STORY SO I REQUEST ALL OF YOU TO REQUEST AMIT UNCLE TO FULLFILL MY REQUEST I AM NOT LYING I SWEAR ON GOD.PLEASE FRIENDS PLEASE ONLY ONCE I HAVE NOT GOT ANY HAPINESS IN MY LIFE IF I GET THIS IT WILL BE THE BIGGEST HAPPINESS OF MY LIFE ACCHA HOTA TO DAUD KAR AATA BED PAR SE KAISE UTH KAR AOON
    PLEASE AMIT SIR KOI BADA CHEEZ NAHI MANG RAHA HOON SIR CHAHTA HOON KI EK BAAR MERA NAAM LE LIJIYE AAP JAWAB NAHI DIJIYEGA TO PHIR LIKHUNGA
    AAPKA SANDEEP SHARMA MY ID IS ,sandeepsharma298at gmail.com

    (Report abuse)

  57. NINA says:

    Dear Amit-Jee,
    The above anecdote regarding the bowl of milk and sugar is a little, how should I say it? a little off center, may be. The Parsis who fled from Persia were not invaders. The zorastrian persians themselves were fleeing from Persia to avoid conversion and preserve their faith. Do not deem it fit to mention the agressors here. But to come to the point….. They themselves were fleeing and they did not invade. They were seeking refuge from the king when they landed on the west coast of Gujarat. When the king, refused them shelter(fearing they might start converting Hindus as the predecessors to the Parsis had done, they put the bowl of milk before the leader of the refugees. It was then that the Parsi leader put the sugar in the milk. He promised that there would be no conversions.( how could they? when they themselves were fleeing persecution to protect their religion??) And to this the Parsis have kept the promise, to the extent that they do not even convert the wife of a Parsi.(Please note, in my opinion this is another extremity altogether) Glad to know , you are back on your toes and raring to go while I was away… Affection and Hugs…. Nina

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  58. Eric says:

    Dear Amitji,

    The story that you wrote about is true but you have got the circumstances wrong. The Hindu king was Jadi Rana of a kingdom in Gujrat and the other person was not an invader or usurper but in fact a high priest of the Zorastrain Persians known today as Parsis. The priest had come to ask for sanctuary as the persians had fled from Persia to avoid persecution by the Arab conquerors.

    The glass of milk was symbolic in the king asking as to how could the kingdom make space for the immigrants. The spoon of sugar was the reply in which the priest stated that similar to the way that the sugar dissolved in the milk without disturbing it, the Zorastrians too would assimilate without disturbing the culture of the kingdom. The king then assented and today the place is known as Sanjan in the state of Gujrat.

    I am glad that you have recovered from your illness. Take care and God Bless.

    Best Wishes

    Eric

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  59. NINA says:

    To take it a little further, instead of imposing their customs, The Persians adopted the language, the culture and customs and blended beautifully with the Gujaratis. In fact to this day we wear our saris , the gujarati way on traditional and special occasions. Nina

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  60. chandrabali says:

    Sir,thank you very much for sharing such a thought. When one morning I looked at the picture of a dead child, died in a bomb blust in Delhi, whole day I was feeling seek. My little grand daughter and her friends were rehearsing dance for puja function. They were enjoying it very much,and I was also sharing their fun- but back of my mind, there was a chilling thought-’ will my child be safe tomorrow?’

    (Report abuse)

  61. Mario Andrew Rodrigues says:

    Dearest Amitabhji,
    In the professional CV’s and also on corporates websites(including forbes 100 list) career applications do have a mention of
    Language - Read, Write, Speak and also Skills in IT(various programmes/applications) with one square to tick(Excellent, Good, Average).

    I would be very happy if ALL educational schools/colleges/universities including technical/management/…..et all make it compulsory to obtain a certificate at the time of leaving/completion as:-

    PEACE MAKER - Excellent, Good, Average, bad?

    Every appointment be it employee, business, government, sports, associations,NGO’s should demand for a good and above PEACE MAKER certificate. Who will certify this is a big ? as it is not easy to find peace makers everywhere though there exists many.

    Recently I came across “Illiterates are prone to generate more violence”
    This could be possible. It not their fault but ours since we did not give them the due education. Therefore the need for education and doing everything to ensure lowest no. of child labour. This does not mean educated only resolve matters by dialogue. Infact there are prominent few educated who exploit and instigate illiterates due to their low earning capacities. And these educated do to fulfill their self-centred interests/aspirations.

    Peacemakers are rare because peacemaking is hard work. However we must continue to work hard to live in peace with others.
    That’s why God calls peacemakers his children.

    Thanks for reading articles which brings PEACE , HARMONY & TOLERANCE and for sharing it with us.

    Sp.Regards

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  62. Shameera says:

    A well written piece on Islam, by Dr Reena Riyaz…in particular the following point:

    “…The reality of the created lying in his grave, his defeat evident as a mortal in front of Allah’s ever existing greatness, what to ask of one who was dependant on God for his needs and existence. Why not approach the Giver, the Healer, the Creator and the Merciful. The very Allah one goes out to appease, the actions of man defy His command…”

    Shameera

    P.S. To those having trouble viewing the articles posted by Mr B on blog…right click…save as a picture…you can then open as a picture, zoom in / out as required.

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  63. ANURAADHA says:

    HELLO
    PLZ REPLY TO MY REQUEST——-COMMENTS 206(i)
    MY REQUEST NO. IS 136 &138
    WHATEVER YOUR REPLY ………IF YOU CANT THINK OF ANYONE …..FINE

    JUST TELL ME………….IF YOU CAN DO SOMETHING FOR THESE PERSONS……….EVEN GARNERING OTHER PERSONS HELP

    THEIR E-MAIL IS manju@sec-india.org

    MANJU UTTAMCHANDANI (HERSELF A CRIPPLE) IS THEIR MANAGERESS
    RESIDING IN CUFFE PARADE IN A POSH BUILDING……..9820235133

    THNX
    CYA
    ANU9

    (Report abuse)

  64. Kitty says:

    Hai Amitji,
    I have been a blogger for your blog for long.I must say that i have started blogging you right from the day one and i am really addictive to the kind of topics you take and enlighten(loaded one really) us with the same.I am really great full for having lived in your era and have watched almost all your movies.Though i am very young(in terms of age since i am 38) i feel highly privileged to having seen all your movies.I want to tell you one more thing that i have seen you physically in Hyderabad the day when you came to PVR cinemas as a promotional campaign.Now that i am blogging you every day and feel like you are a genius in writing also.You are no less a poet when you keep things in perspective.Sir, i still start weeping when i read the letter which you have written about your ‘Mother’.I feel as if i reached the temple when i read through the ‘SiddiVinayaka episode’.You have been a wonderful motivator in my life because you write so many things which normally motivates people(fans) like us.My sincere good wishes to you for which ever endeavor you step in.I have not been lucky so far with your reply but i would definitely treasure if you reply me back.
    Wishing you every success
    May god bless you with good health and wealth
    My hai to Abhi and Aish
    My namaskaras to Jaya aunty and Shwetha
    with never ending love
    Kitty

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  65. sandeep says:

    Do hell with all you peoples is there any body to listen to me my name is sandeep .please read my reply number 56!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!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